|
|
Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after ischemic stroke in basal ganglia with right sided spastic hemiparesis
Barakat, Husam Aldin Naser ; Kočí, Gabriela (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Název: Případová studie fyzioterapeutické léčby pacienta po ischemické cévní mozkové příhodě v bazálních gangliích s postižením pravé strany těla v podobě spastické hemiparézy Cíl: Tato práce si klade za cíl zkonsolidovat teoretické poznatky o ischemické cévní mozkové příhodě a představit podrobnou kazuistiku pacienta trpícího postižením pravé strany těla v důsledku ischemické cévní mozkové příhody v bazálních gangliích. Metody: Tato bakalářská práce je rozdělena do dvou hlavních částí: obecné a specifické. Obecná část komplexně pokrývá teoretické aspekty související s cévní mozkovou příhodou, zahrnující typická fyzioterapeutická vyšetření pro diagnostiku, spolu s výběrem běžně používaných metod a postupů ve fyzioterapeutickém řízení těchto pacientů. Specifická část se zabývá kazuistikou pacienta po ischemické cévní mozkové příhodě, zaměřuje se na následné postižení pravé strany těla v podobě hemiparézy. Zahrnuje podrobné popisy počátečního a finálního kineziologického vyšetření, průběh jednotlivých terapií a komplexní shrnutí výsledků terapie. Specializovaný obsah vychází z praktických zkušeností získaných během kontinuální profesionální praxe na Oddělení pooperační rehabilitace v Oblastní nemocnici Kladno, probíhající pod vedením supervizora Bc. Tomáše Modlingera od 16. ledna do 10. února 2023....
|
|
|
3D analysis of rapid alternating movements in spasticity
Hradecká, Marie ; Hojková, Klára (advisor) ; Honzátková, Lenka (referee)
Spasticity is a manifestation of a central motoneuron disorder; the cause of the disorder may be trauma, ischemia, hemorrhage, inflammation or tumor. Even nowadays, it is difficult to define the pathophysiological mechanisms of spasticity, as well as to establish treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the immediate and long-term effect of rapid alternating movements training on stride length in the affected lower limb in spastic paresis. The theoretical part is devoted to a summary of the knowledge about central motoneuron syndrome, examination and its treatment. The practical part includes examination and evaluation of the effect of of rapid alternating movements exercises using 3D kinematic analysis and a questionnaire.
|
|
|
Effectiveness of antispastic electrical stimulation in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy
Kurelová, Martina ; Demeková, Júlia (advisor) ; Havrda, Prokop (referee)
This thesis is focused on the issue of electrotherapy with an antispastic effect. Specifically, it deals with Hufschmidt currents and their effectiveness in reducing spasticity of the triceps surae muscle in patients with the spastic form of cerebral palsy (CP). The overview of theoretical findings includes information on cerebral palsy and spasticity, findings from new research on their frequency, diagnosis and treatment. In the last chapter of the theoretical part, findings on electrotherapy with antispastic effects in the Czech Republic and abroad are presented. In the practical part, a series of case studies of patients in whom the effect of Hufschmidt currents was examined is presented. The work was attended by 9 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of spastic CP, to whom Hufschmidt currents were applied a total of 6 times. The effectiveness of this type of currents is determined by performing a 10-meter walking test, Timed Up and Go test and examination of spasticity in 5 steps according to Gracies, and then comparing the numbers before and after the electrotherapy series. The result of this work was the confirmation of the positive effect of antispastic currents according to Hufschmidt on the reduction of muscle spasticity in 7 patients, on the acceleration of walking in the 10-meter walking...
|
|
|
Botulinum toxin A treatment strategy in cerebral palsy in Czech Republic
Šupíková, Kateřina ; Jevič, Filip (advisor) ; Dyrhonová, Olga (referee)
Botulinum toxin A is a standard treatment of spasticity in cerebral palsy. Rules for its use and subsequent rehabilitation differ in the Czech Republic. Currently, there are no published guidelines for this treatment in the Czech Republic. The principle aim of this thesis is to explore the different strategies for the clinical use of botulinum toxin in Czech Republic. First, the background of this thesis is covering up-to-date information about cerebral palsy, its treatment and its modalities with the main focus on botulinum toxin use and subsequent rehabilitation. Lastly, the background explores the published guidelines for the botulinum toxin treatment in children with cerebral palsy. This thesis is focusing on qualitative research with seven medical doctors in the Czech Republic from eight neurologists in total, who are actively administering botulinum toxin to their patients with cerebral palsy. We are researching their criteria for indication, the strategies they are using when administering BTX, dosing, and the frequent complications they encounter. We also focus on their recommendation of rehabilitation. The outcome of this thesis is a qualitative analysis of the botulinum toxin A treatment strategies uncovering differences in the localization techniques, clinical Another outcome of this...
|
|
|
Use of electrostimulation according to Jantsche and Hufschmidt to influence triceps surae muscle spasticity and walking speed in patients with multiple sclerosis
Tichá, Simona ; Demeková, Júlia (advisor) ; Hojková, Klára (referee)
This thesis focuses on comparing the effectiveness of two types of electrostimulations, specifically electrostimulation according to Hufschmidt and Jantsche, in reducing m. triceps surae spasticity and influencing walking speed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the thesis is to determine which type of electrostimulation is more suitable for patients with MS. The topic was chosen based on two previous theses that examined the effects of these electrostimulations individually. The theoretical part provides basic information about MS, explains the pathophysiology of spasticity and the possible influence of spinal mechanisms on it, describes the examination of spastic patients, and summarizes the possibilities of electrotherapy treatment. The practical part compares the effects of both types of electrostimulations in patients with MS who were partially randomly divided into two groups of three and evaluates short-term and long-term results using the "Five step clinical assessment in spastic paresis" examination and the subjective perception of walking questionnaire MSWS-12 (Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale). The results of the thesis do not show significant differences in the effects of both electrostimulations. The most significant improvements in both groups were observed in the...
|
|
|
Walking training within Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept in stroke patients. ; Influencing of the Mid-Stance phase of stride
Nováková, Jana ; Slámová, Adéla (advisor) ; Balíková, Tereza (referee)
OF BACHELOR THESIS Name, surname: Jana Nováková Supervisor: Ing. Adéla Slámová Consultant: Mgr. Jakub Kozel Title: Walking training within Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept in stroke patients Subtitle: Influencing of the Mid-Stance phase of stride Abstract: The topic of the bachelor's thesis is the training of walking in patients after a stroke. This acquired non-traumatic brain damage represents the second most common non-traumatic cause of death in today's modern civilization, in the Czech Republic the incidence of this disease is around 300 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The consequences of a stroke are usually numerous, and one of the resulting disorders can be hemiparetic walking with spasticity. The theoretical part includes four main chapters. The first section is devoted to the description of a commonly occurring non-traumatic brain injury, namely the description of a stroke. The second chapter describes stereotype, kinesiology and gait analysis. The third chapter includes a description of the philosophy of Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), basic concepts and principles of the concept, PNF therapy of hemiparetic gait and summarizes the issue of spasticity in PNF therapy. In the last section, walking tests for patients after a stroke, their use and application in...
|
|
|
The effect of Iyengar yoga practice on patients with multiple sclerosis
Vodičková, Jitka ; Ježková, Martina (advisor) ; Klimošová, Sylva (referee)
Bibliographical record VODIČKOVÁ, Jitka. The effect of Iyengar yoga practise on patients with multiple sclerosis. Prague: Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2022. 220 p. Supervisor Mgr. Martina Ježková. Abstract This longitudinal clinical study examines the overall impact of Iyengar yoga practice on patients with multiple sclerosis rated 5.5-7.5 on the EDSS scale. The theoretical part outlines the issues of multiple sclerosis. Then the basic principles of yoga are introduced, and the various modifications of the postures used in yoga therapy in our study are described and illustrated. The paper outlines the mechanisms by which yoga can influence individual symptoms of multiple sclerosis. The practical part consists of case reports of five patients who attended Iyengar yoga sessions for three months and were followed up for a total of seven months. The aim was to clarify how the condition of patients with multiple sclerosis develops with the restriction or complete cessation of physical activity, what effect the practice of Iyengar yoga has on the patients and whether this effect persists for two months after the cessation of the practice. The second part focuses on the comparison of the change in the observed parameters in different patients with...
|
|
|
Physiotherapy after surgical solutions of spastic dystonia of the upper limb in patients after brain damage
Marešová, Zuzana ; Angerová, Yvona (advisor) ; Sládková, Petra (referee)
Bachelor's Thesis Abstract Author's Name: Zuzana Marešová Thesis Supervisor: doc. MUDr. Yvona Angerová, Ph.D., MBA Thesis Title: Physiotherapy after surgery for upper limb spastic dystonia in patients after brain damage Abstract This bachelor's thesis overviews surgical treatment for upper limb spastic dystonia and subsequent post-operative physiotherapy. The thesis consists of two sections, theoretical and practical. Theoretical part describes upper motor neuron syndrome and definitions of two relevant symptoms, which are spasticity and spastic dystonia. This section also contains quantitative estimation methods for spasticity and spastic paresis. This is followed by description of surgical procedures classified based on different upper limb segments. Finally, physiotherapeutic techniques recommended after these surgical procedures are described. Practical section consists of description of two case reports, in which the brain injury led to spastic dystonia that was treated by surgery of upper limb. Each case contains past medical history, entrance and exit kinesiological analyses, functional examination of upper limb using modified Frenchay arm test and physiotherapeutic sessions reports. Based on the comparison of the entrance and exit exams the effect of post-operative physiotherapy was assessed. Key...
|
|
|
Affecting of Spastic Dystonia of the Hock in Upper Motoneuron Syndrome
VALIŠOVÁ, Alena
This bachelor thesis describes an issue of Spastic Dystonia of the Hock which appears as a result of upper motor neuron damage. Spastic dystonia is unphysiological of posture in motionlessness and can be seen at the first sight. Wrong posture of the limb limits the patient in his usual activities of daily living or in walk. So it is not just cosmetic problem but fault of function and movement limitation. Due to spastic dystonia the contracture and the pain appears which we are trying to lower with the right treatment as much as we can. The hock, the spastic dystonia and its causes and treatment are described in theoretical part of this work as well as physiotherapy intervention possibilities. It emphasizes the combination of treatment by botulotoxin injections and physiotherapy as of the main methods used to reduction of spastic dystonia. The course of the therapy itself is described in the practical part of this study. The last goal of this study was to find out the subjective patient's evaluation of the treatment for which the GAS scale was used. The sample of the patients in the trial is made of 10, 6 women and 4 men, with spastic dystonia of the hock in the age of 17 - 71 years old. The outcome of the tests which were made one month after application in time of the biggest effect of the botulinum toxin. The improvement of the patients here can be seen. But not at all of them in the same amount and not in all evaluated items.
|
|
|
Possibilities of physiotherapy in patients with spastic paresis after stroke
OŠMERA, Martin
This bachelor thesis deals with spastic paresis of the lower limb in patients after a stroke. The thesis describes the problem of spastic paresis and the possibilities of using physiotherapy. A number of physiotherapeutic methods can be used in clinical practice to treat spasticity. One such method is the Guided Self-rehabilitation Contract by J. M. Gracies, which combines static prolonged stretching with the possible application of botulinum toxin and strength training of repetitive active movements (RAP) with home autotherapy. The aim of this thesis is to describe various possibilities of physiotherapy and evaluate the effectiveness of the method according to Gracies in the target group of patients. The Theoretical part focuses on spastic paresis, its origin, description, and characteristics together with the upper motoneuron syndrome (UMN syndrome), in which spasticity is one of its components. The following are individual clinical manifestations and forms of spastic paresis with the possibility of evaluation by clinical scales. The work also mentions a stroke, as one of the possible causes of spasticity. At the end of the theoretical part, pharmacological treatment with selected physiotherapeutic approaches to therapy is presented. The Methodological part describes the process of research implementation. The Practical part is conducted in the form of qualitative research, namely case studies in two probands with spastic paresis of the lower limb after a stroke, in which therapy according to Gracies is indicated. Each proband was subjected to an input and output kinesiological analysis, which included anamnesis, aspect, anthropometry, goniometry, examination of muscle strength, gait tests, Berg Balance Scale and Five-step Clinical Assessment in Spastic Paresis. During the study which lasted more than 6 months, the course of therapy was monitored in each proband. Based on the comparison of kinesiological analyses, was possible to observe a positive effect of the therapy. Proband 1's results are indistinct, despite clear subjective improvement. It was possible to improve movement, condition, and postural stability. Conversely, in some of the monitored muscles, the rate of spasticity worsened. Proband 2's results are significantly improved, despite the chronicity of the condition.
|
guest ::
